Tuesday, December 31, 2013

what is Gentamicin ?

Gentamicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. Gentamicin is active against Enterobacteriaceae organisms including Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter.
Gentamicin is one of the few heat-stable antibiotics that remain active even after autoclaving, which makes it particularly useful in the preparation of some microbiological growth media. It is used during orthopaedic surgery when high temperatures are required for the setting of cements.
Gentamicin is a bactericidal antibiotic that works by irreversibly binding the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, interrupting protein synthesis. This mechanism of action is similar to other Aminoglycosides.
CAS NO:1403-66-3
Molecular formula:C21H43N5O7 
Molecular weight:477.596 g/mol

Information about Erythromycin

Erythromycin is an antibiotic in the class of antibiotics known as macrolide antibiotics which also includes azithromycin (Zithromax, Zmax) and clarithromycin (Biaxin). It is used to treat several types of infections--upper/lower respiratory tract infections, skin infections, acute pelvic inflammatory disease, erythrasma, etc. caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and many others. Erythromycin, like all macrolide antibiotics, prevents bacterial cells from growing and multiplying by interfering with their ability to make proteins while not affecting human cells. Bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae are resistant to erythromycin alone and must be treated with a combination of erythromycin and adequate doses of sulfonamides.
Erythromycin should be stored at temperatures below 86 F (30 C). It is important to protect tablets from moisture and excessive heat.
Erythromycin may be taken with or without food; however optimal blood levels of erythromycin are obtained when taken on an empty stomach (at least 30 minutes and preferably 2 hours before or after meals).

Monday, December 30, 2013

About bicozamycin

The efficacy of bicozamycin, a poorly absorbable antibiotic, in the treatment of acute diarrhea was assessed in a prospective, double-blind study of 140 adults from the United States visiting Guadalajara, Mexico. Patients randomly received bicozamycin (500 mg orally four times daily) or placebo for 3 days. The mean duration of illness was shorter in the bicozamycin than the placebo treatment groups for patients with diarrhea due to Shigella (37 versus 90 hours; p = 0.01), toxigenic Escherichia coli (31 versus 60 hours; p = 0.003), and unknown pathogens (18 versus 41 hours; p = 0.02). Cramps were significantly relieved bybicozamycin in all patients. Treatment failed in significantly fewer patients treated with bicozamycin than those treated with placebo when diarrhea was associated with Shigella, Salmonella or toxigenic E. coli. Bicozamycin was well tolerated and appears to be effective therapy for acute travelers' diarrhea of diverse causes. These data show the value of an antibiotic in the therapy of toxigenic E. coli infection and indicate a need to reevaluate the clinical dictum that nonabsorbable antibiotics are ineffective against invasive enteropathogens.

what is Suxamethonium chloride ?


Suxamethonium chloride is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, used to induce muscle relaxation and short-term paralysis, usually to facilitate tracheal intubation. Suxamethonium is sold under the trade names Anectine and Quelicin. It is used as a paralytic agent for euthanasia/immobilization of horses.
Its medical uses are limited to short-term muscle relaxation in anesthesia and intensive care, usually for facilitation of endotracheal intubation. Despite its adverse effects, including life threatening malignant hyperthermia, hyperkalaemia, and anaphylaxis, it is perennially popular in emergency medicine because it arguably has the fastest onset and shortest duration of action of all muscle relaxants. The former is a major point of consideration in the context of trauma care, where endotracheal intubation may need to be completed very quickly. The latter means that, should attempts at endotracheal intubation fail and the patient cannot be ventilated, there is a prospect for neuromuscular recovery and the onset of spontaneous breathing before hypoxaemia occurs.
Suxamethonium is also commonly used as the sole muscle relaxant during electroconvulsive therapy, favoured for its short duration of action.
Suxamethonium chloride is quickly degraded by plasma butyrylcholinesterase and the duration of effect is usually in the range of a few minutes. When plasma levels of butyrylcholinesterase are greatly diminished or an atypical form is present  paralysis may last much longer.

Sunday, December 29, 2013

information about Shark Cartilage


Shark Cartilage is a premium dietary supplement that provides active cartilage protein for cellular protection. Using no radiation or ethylene oxide.Shark Cartilage Powder is rich in minerals and amino acids.Processing selectively removes unwanted tissue to retain more of the protein-rich soft cartilage that other processing methods may destroy.Each 6-gram scoop provides approximately 3 grams active cartilage protein.
Proponents of shark cartilage are encouraged by anecdotal evidence from users as to its efficacy. The proponents also cite studies that show that shark cartilage has had some success in preventing angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. While angiogenesis is often a normal function, it is also consistent with the growth of malignant tumors. They argue too, that very little research (in the quantity and quality of studies) has been conducted, and thus the benefits cannot be scientifically disputed.
Opponents cite existing studies of shark cartilage on a variety of cancers that produced negligible to non-existent results in the prevention or treatment of cancer. Most notable among these was a breast-cancer trial conducted by the Mayo Clinic that stated that the trial "was unable to demonstrate any suggestion of efficacy for this shark cartilage product in patients with advanced cancer." The results of another clinical trial were presented at the 43rd annual meeting of the American Society for Clinical Oncology. In that study (sponsored by the National Cancer Institute), "researchers did not find a statistical difference in survival" between patients receiving shark cartilage and those taking a placebo. Scientific evidence does not support the efficacy of Shark Cartilage nor the ability of effective components to remove cancer cells. The fact that people believe eating shark cartilage can cure cancer shows the serious potential impacts of pseudoscience.

what is Vitamin A ?


Vitamin A is a vitamin which is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of a specific metabolite, the light-absorbing molecule retinal.This molecule is absolutely necessary for both scotopic and color vision. Vitamin A also functions in a very different role, as an irreversibly oxidized form retinoic acid, which is an important hormone-like growth factor for epithelial and other cells.
CAS:11103-57-4
Molecular Formula: C20H30O
Molecular Weight: 286.46 g/mol

Friday, December 27, 2013

what is Gemfibrozil ?


Gemfibrozil belongs to the class of medications known as fibrates. It is used to treat high cholesterol.Gemfibrozil is used in combination with a healthy diet and exercise to lower cholesterol levels in the blood. Reduction of cholesterol levels has been shown to reduce the risks associated with heart disease, such as heart attack.Gemfibrozil has been shown to inhibit peripheral lipolysis and to decrease hepatic extraction of free fatty acids, which, in turn, decreases hepatic triglyceride production. Gemfibrozil also inhibits the synthesis and increases the clearance of apolipoprotein B, a carrier molecule for VLDL.Gemfibrozil may also accelerate turnover and removal of cholesterol from the liver and increase excretion of cholesterol into the feces.Gemfibrozil has variable effects on LDL cholesterol.
Product name:Gemfibrozil
CAS NO:25812-30-0
Molecular formula:C15H22O3
Molecular weight:250.333 g/mol